Bitcoin answers one question brilliantly: how do you transfer value digitally without a middleman? Ethereum answers a much broader question: how do you run any kind of agreement, application, or financial service without a middleman? The way it achieves this is through smart contracts - programs that live on the blockchain and execute automatically when specific conditions are met. Nobody can stop them, edit them, or take them offline. This programmability is what makes Ethereum the foundation of DeFi, NFTs, decentralized governance, tokenized real-world assets, and much of Web3. ETH, the network's native currency, is used to pay for every computation the network performs - these payments are called gas fees.
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